Supervising AI in a law firm: rule 37 in practice.

Under s 34 of the Legal Profession Uniform Law, principals are responsible for the legal services their practice provides, and must take reasonable steps to ensure everyone in the practice meets their professional obligations. Rule 37 adds the day-to-day duty of reasonable supervision. The Law Society of NSW guide applies both to AI directly, and the December 2024 joint statement expects firms to set out how they will continuously and actively supervise the use of AI tools by junior and support staff.

General information only. This guide summarises published regulatory guidance and is not legal advice. Read the primary sources linked throughout, and take professional advice on your firm’s specific position.

Why AI supervision is harder than it sounds

The guide makes an observation most firm policies miss: exercising reasonable supervision over AI use requires critical evaluation of the accuracy and completeness of the tool’s outputs, and a junior practitioner may lack the experience to make that evaluation. Supervision of AI is therefore a senior person’s job twice over: reviewing the output, and deciding which tasks are appropriate for AI assistance at all. The court finding discussed in our citations guide, where a supervisor’s failure contributed to a junior’s error, shows the principle applied.

What the regulators expect a firm to be able to show

Which tools are approved

The statement expects firms to decide and record which AI tools are in use in the practice, rather than discovering the answer after a problem.

Who may use them, for what

Approved users, approved purposes, and approved categories of information, with higher-risk tasks reserved or prohibited.

How output is reviewed

Documents containing AI-generated content are reviewed for accuracy and verified by a qualified person before they are settled.

How supervision actually happens

Continuous and active supervision of junior and support staff, which means someone senior can describe how AI-assisted work is checked, on real matters.

What gets recorded

When and how AI was used in a matter, so the firm can answer a client, a court or a regulator without reconstruction.

The shadow AI problem

The hardest supervision problem is the tool nobody approved: staff using personal accounts on public chatbots because they are convenient. Prohibition alone tends to drive the behaviour underground. Firms that fare best pair a clear rule about public tools with an approved alternative that is genuinely useful, so the easy path and the compliant path are the same path. That is a supervision insight before it is a product one, though it is also the practical argument for giving staff a capable internal AI: one approved system, on the firm’s hardware, where usage is visible to the practice rather than scattered across personal accounts.

Where deployment posture fits

Supervision obligations are indifferent to architecture; a principal who fails to review work breaches rule 37 with any tool. What architecture changes is observability. A single on-site system gives the practice one place where AI-assisted work happens, which makes the statement’s expectations, who uses AI, for what, with what review, answerable in fact rather than on paper.

Common questions

Is a principal responsible if a junior misuses AI?
Principals must take reasonable steps under s 34 of the Uniform Law to ensure practice staff meet their obligations, and rule 37 requires reasonable supervision. Australian courts have already found a supervisor's inadequate oversight contributed to a junior's AI-related citation error, so the exposure is demonstrated rather than theoretical.
How do firms deal with staff using ChatGPT on personal accounts?
With a clear written rule about public tools and client information, training on why it exists, and an approved internal alternative that is convenient enough to be the default. Policies that only prohibit tend to push use out of sight, which is the worst supervision outcome.
What does 'reasonable supervision' of AI look like?
A senior practitioner who knows which tools are in use, decides which tasks they may be used for, reviews AI-assisted output before it is settled, and can evaluate its accuracy from their own knowledge. The Law Society guide notes junior staff may lack the experience to evaluate AI output, which is precisely why the duty sits with supervisors.

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